Articles
The Implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in China’s Judicial System: Perspectives on Adoption of Exclusionary Rule in China
Sun Xu
Published 2017-04-30
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How to Cite
Xu, S. . (2017). The Implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in China’s Judicial System: Perspectives on Adoption of Exclusionary Rule in China. Kathmandu School of Law Review, 5(1), 162–168. Retrieved from https://kslreview.org/index.php/kslr/article/view/993
Abstract
China has signed the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)1 on the date of October 5, 1998.2 Though awaiting ratification of the ICCPR, China as a party to the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT),3 has adopted considerable number of measures to live up to the spirit and purpose of the ICCPR in accordance with Article 18 of the VCLT. The recent evidence of this is China’s effort to promote in-depth judicial reform. This essay critically focuses on the newly amended criminal procedure law, especially the rule on exclusion of illegally obtained evidence.
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References
1 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 999 UNTS 171, adopted on 16 December 1966).
2 Available at https://treaties.un.org/p. s/showDetails.aspx?objid=0800000280004bf5& clang=en, accessed on 12 May 2017.
3 Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties, 1155 UNTS 331, adopted on 23 May 1969, entered into force 27 January 1980.
4 Tobias Thienel, ‘The Admissibility of Evidence Obtained by Torture under International Law’, vol. 2, European Journal of International Law p. 349, 2006, p. 350.
5 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1465 UNTS 85, adopted on 10 December 1984), art 15.
6 Case Concerning Ahmadou Sadio Diallo, Guinea v. Congo, Merits, 2010, ICJ Rep, p. 639.
7 UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), General Comment No. 32, art 14, Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to fair trial, 23 August 2007, CCPR/C/GC/32, available at http://www.refworld.org/docid/478b2b2f2.html, accessed on 11th May 2017.
8 UN Human Rights Committee, CCPR General Comment No. 24: Issues Relating to Reservations Made upon Ratification or Accession to the Covenant or the Optional Protocols thereto, or in Relation to Declarations under art 41, 4 November 1994, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.6, para. 8, available at http://www.refworld.org/docid/453883fc11.html, accessed on 11th May 2017.
9 General Comment 32 (n 7), para. 5.
10 Ibid, para. 6.
11 See Vienna Conventions on Law of Treaties, preamble & art 26.
12 Ibid, art 18.
13 Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China (2012 Amendment), 14 March 2012, China, art 54.
14 Seidl Hohenveldern, ‘Transformation or Adoption of International Law into Municipal Law’, vol. 12, International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 1963, p. 88.
15 Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law, 6th ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008, p. 139.
16 ZHU Wenqi , Textbook on Principles and Cases of International Law, Renmin University of China Press, Beijing, 2006, p. 9.
17 Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China (1979), 1 January 1980.
18 Criminal Procedure Law of the People Republic of China (1996 Amendment), 17 March 1996.
19 Criminal Procedural Law, 2012, art 48 (6).
20 Stanley Lubman, ‘China Changes Rules on Evidence Obtained by Torture’, Wall Street Journal, available at https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2010/06/15/china-changes-rules-onevidenceobtained-by-torture/, accessed on 12 May 2017.
21 Jianlin Bian, ‘Legislative Process in Chinese Criminal Proceeding System: the Second Amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law of China’, vol.7, Frontiers L. China p. 175, 2012, p. 179.
22 Criminal Procedural Law 2012, art 54.
23 Ibid, art 55.
24 Rules for Criminal Procedure of the People's Procuratorate (for Trial Implementation), 22 November, 2012, art 95.
25 Notice of the Ministry of Public Security on Issuing the Provisions on Audio and Video Recording Interrogation of Criminal Suspects by Public Security Organs, Ministry of Public Security, PRC, 1 October, 2014 [Provisions on Audio and Video Recording]
26 Provisions on Audio and Video Recording (n 25), art 4.
27 Notice of the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Issuing the Eight Prohibitions of the Supreme People's Procuratorate on the Duty-related Crime Investigation, Supreme People's Procuratorate, PRC, 5 August, 2015.
28 Provisions of the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and Other Departments on Legally Protecting Lawyers' Practicing Rights, Supreme People's Court, Supreme People's Procuratorate, Ministry of Public Security, 16 September, 2015.
29 See Tang Ping, Zhang Zhilin and Sun Surong Drug Trafficking Case, Judgment of Intermediate People’s Court of Yibing, Sichuan Province of China, 2015.
30 A Case where Illegal Evidence Was Successfully Excluded, King and Capital Law Firm, January, 2014, p. 47.
31 ‘China Issued White Papers on Judicial Reform of Chinese Court’, China Daily, available at http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-02/27/content_28361584_2.htm, accessed on 12 May 2017.
32 Gong Renren, ‘Problems related to the Implementation of Convention against Torture in China’, vol. 4, Peking University Law Review p. 955, 2016, p. 956.
33 Ma Minliang,‘Structural Dilemma of Exclusionary Rule: A Refection Based on the Internal Perspective’, vol. 4, Modern Law Science p. 184, 2015, p. 188.
34 Wang Decheng,‘A Practical Analysis on the Application of Exclusionary Rule’,vol. 32 Shandong Justice p. 55, 2016, p. 56.
2 Available at https://treaties.un.org/p. s/showDetails.aspx?objid=0800000280004bf5& clang=en, accessed on 12 May 2017.
3 Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties, 1155 UNTS 331, adopted on 23 May 1969, entered into force 27 January 1980.
4 Tobias Thienel, ‘The Admissibility of Evidence Obtained by Torture under International Law’, vol. 2, European Journal of International Law p. 349, 2006, p. 350.
5 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1465 UNTS 85, adopted on 10 December 1984), art 15.
6 Case Concerning Ahmadou Sadio Diallo, Guinea v. Congo, Merits, 2010, ICJ Rep, p. 639.
7 UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), General Comment No. 32, art 14, Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to fair trial, 23 August 2007, CCPR/C/GC/32, available at http://www.refworld.org/docid/478b2b2f2.html, accessed on 11th May 2017.
8 UN Human Rights Committee, CCPR General Comment No. 24: Issues Relating to Reservations Made upon Ratification or Accession to the Covenant or the Optional Protocols thereto, or in Relation to Declarations under art 41, 4 November 1994, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.6, para. 8, available at http://www.refworld.org/docid/453883fc11.html, accessed on 11th May 2017.
9 General Comment 32 (n 7), para. 5.
10 Ibid, para. 6.
11 See Vienna Conventions on Law of Treaties, preamble & art 26.
12 Ibid, art 18.
13 Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China (2012 Amendment), 14 March 2012, China, art 54.
14 Seidl Hohenveldern, ‘Transformation or Adoption of International Law into Municipal Law’, vol. 12, International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 1963, p. 88.
15 Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law, 6th ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008, p. 139.
16 ZHU Wenqi , Textbook on Principles and Cases of International Law, Renmin University of China Press, Beijing, 2006, p. 9.
17 Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China (1979), 1 January 1980.
18 Criminal Procedure Law of the People Republic of China (1996 Amendment), 17 March 1996.
19 Criminal Procedural Law, 2012, art 48 (6).
20 Stanley Lubman, ‘China Changes Rules on Evidence Obtained by Torture’, Wall Street Journal, available at https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2010/06/15/china-changes-rules-onevidenceobtained-by-torture/, accessed on 12 May 2017.
21 Jianlin Bian, ‘Legislative Process in Chinese Criminal Proceeding System: the Second Amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law of China’, vol.7, Frontiers L. China p. 175, 2012, p. 179.
22 Criminal Procedural Law 2012, art 54.
23 Ibid, art 55.
24 Rules for Criminal Procedure of the People's Procuratorate (for Trial Implementation), 22 November, 2012, art 95.
25 Notice of the Ministry of Public Security on Issuing the Provisions on Audio and Video Recording Interrogation of Criminal Suspects by Public Security Organs, Ministry of Public Security, PRC, 1 October, 2014 [Provisions on Audio and Video Recording]
26 Provisions on Audio and Video Recording (n 25), art 4.
27 Notice of the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Issuing the Eight Prohibitions of the Supreme People's Procuratorate on the Duty-related Crime Investigation, Supreme People's Procuratorate, PRC, 5 August, 2015.
28 Provisions of the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and Other Departments on Legally Protecting Lawyers' Practicing Rights, Supreme People's Court, Supreme People's Procuratorate, Ministry of Public Security, 16 September, 2015.
29 See Tang Ping, Zhang Zhilin and Sun Surong Drug Trafficking Case, Judgment of Intermediate People’s Court of Yibing, Sichuan Province of China, 2015.
30 A Case where Illegal Evidence Was Successfully Excluded, King and Capital Law Firm, January, 2014, p. 47.
31 ‘China Issued White Papers on Judicial Reform of Chinese Court’, China Daily, available at http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-02/27/content_28361584_2.htm, accessed on 12 May 2017.
32 Gong Renren, ‘Problems related to the Implementation of Convention against Torture in China’, vol. 4, Peking University Law Review p. 955, 2016, p. 956.
33 Ma Minliang,‘Structural Dilemma of Exclusionary Rule: A Refection Based on the Internal Perspective’, vol. 4, Modern Law Science p. 184, 2015, p. 188.
34 Wang Decheng,‘A Practical Analysis on the Application of Exclusionary Rule’,vol. 32 Shandong Justice p. 55, 2016, p. 56.