Access to Justice for Women Litigants in Family Courts Vis-à-Vis Prospect of a Virtual Court System: A Post-Pandemic Study With Special Reference to the Family Court in Ahmedabad District of Gujarat, India
Published 2022-04-01
Keywords
- COVID 19, Justice, Post-Pandemic, Court, Lockdown.
How to Cite
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply affected the way Indian courts function and has disrupted the normal course of adjudication. While the higher judicial bodies in India such as the Supreme Court and High Courts were quick to adapt to the new norm, this was not the case for the courts at the lower rung of the hierarchy. Family Courts, where matrimonial disputes related to adoption, maintenance and divorce are adjudicated, was not an exception to this. Lockdown halted physical hearings which impacted recourse to access of Court and facilities provided to litigants. Prolonged lockdown periods have led to the suspension of case hearings which has led to several hassles for both the women litigants seeking alimony and maintenance in matrimonial cases, as well as the registered advocates practising before the family courts. The fate of these cases, along with the pending cases in family courts, remains undecided. This is a very worrisome situation, especially for women litigants whose survival depends upon the speedy resolution of cases. Through this research paper, the researcher aims to explore the current scenario at the family courts of India and the level of severity of pending cases which might have hampered the justice delivery mechanism through analysis of statistics and interviews with stakeholders. This paper also aims to navigate the possibilities of introducing a virtual court system in India in order to help the litigants who faced financial and other losses during the suspension of court hearings.
Downloads
References
- V R Krishna Iyer, Law and Life, Vikas Publishing House, India, 1979.
- A.S. Anand, Approaching the 21st Century: The state of the Indian Judiciary and the Future Challenge, 3rd edition, 2008.
- P D Kaushik, Women Rights Access to Justice, 1st edition, 2007.
- Anand (n 2), p. 13.
- Ibid, p. 25.
- E.L. Bhagiratha Rao, Marriage Laws and Family Courts Act, 7th edition, 2008.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Devinder Kumar Singla, Judicial Separation under Hindu Law: Statutory Provisions of the Hindu Marriage Act and Judicial Approach, Deep and Deep Publication, India, 1992.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Munna Lal v. State of U.P, Allahabad High Court, 1990.
- 'Family Courts in Varanasi: A Case Study,' National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development, 2007, India.
- The Family Courts Act, 1984, India, s. 5.
- Singla (n 10).
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- 'Annual Progress Report', Rajasthan State Women Commission, 2003.
- 'Family Courts', available at https://doj.gov.in/sites/default/files/Family%20Courts%20pdf.pdf, accessed on 07 April 2021.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- M.A. Andrews et al., 'First confirmed case of COVID-19 infection in India: A case report', Indian Journal of Medical Research p. 490, volume 151:5, 2020.
- Balram Rai, Anandi Shukla & Lakshmi Kant Dwivedi, 'Dynamics of COVID-19 in India: A review of different phases of lockdown', Population Medicine, volume 2:21, 2020.
- Ibid.
- How the pandemic impacted Family Courts, Aarushi Desai, Advocate at Gujarat High Court, India, March 2021.
- How the pandemic impacted working at Family Courts, Rajendra Ganeriwal, Hon’ble Judge at Palampur Family Court, India, April 2021.
- Suo motu writ civil no. 5/2020, Supreme Court of India, India, 2020, available at https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2020/10853/10853_2020_0_1_21588_Judgement_06-Apr-2020.pdf.
- Deepika Kinhal et al., 'Virtual Courts in India: A Strategy Paper', Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy, India, 2020.
- Liliana Cătălina Alexe, 'Restricting the stage of Oral proceedings in some cases pending in Courts- Is such a transitory solution necessary in the pandemic context or not', Analele Universității Titu Maiorescu, 2020, p. 102.
- Tejasvi Pandit & Manovi Mitra, 'Custody of children', The SCC Online Blog, 25 November 2019, available at https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2019/11/25/custody-of-children, accessed on 14 March 2021.
- 'Report on the functioning of virtual court proceedings through video conferencing (interim report)', Department related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice, Rajya Sabha, Parliament of India, 2020, India.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- 'COVID-19 Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) Scheme', Department of Justice, Hong Kong, 2020, available at https://www.doj.gov.hk/eng/public/blog/20200413_blog1.html, accessed on 25 February 2021.
- Coronavirus Act 2020, 2020, United Kingdom.
- Family Courts in Varanasi: A Case Study (n 14).
- Suomotu writ civil no. 5/2020 (n 32).
- Chitrakshi Jain, Tarika Jain & Shreya Tripathy, 'Back to Basics: A call for better planning in the Judiciary', Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy, 2019, available at https://vidhilegalpolicy.in/2020/03/27/back-to-basics-a-case-for-better-planning-in-the-judiciary, accessed on 25 February 2021.
- Suomotu writ civil no. 5/2020 (n 32), p. 20.
- Ibid, p. 17.
- 'PIL seeks functioning of Family Courts', Times of India, 26 January 2021.
- A.K.A. Rahmaan, 'Family Courts: Evidence. Procedure and Role of Lawyers', Tamil Nadu State Judicial Academy, January 27, 2021.
- John M Tietler, Nicholas W Lobenthal & Paul D Getzels, 'Family Law in the United States: New York: An Overview', Thomson Reuters Practical Law, 01 October 2020, available at https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/1-571-0269?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default), accessed on 14 March 2021.
- James Stewart and Rebecca Dziobon, 'Family Law in the UK (England and Wales): Overview', Thomson Reuters Practical Law, 01 September 2020, available at https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/1-590-4465?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true, accessed on 15 February 2021.
- Ibid.
- See ‘MyHMCTS: Online case management for legal professionals’, GOV.UK, available at https://www.gov.uk/guidance/myhmcts-online-case-management-for-legal-professionals#what-is-myhmcts, accessed on 16 March 2020.
- 'Video Conferencing in Indian Courts: A Pathway to the Justice Platform', Daksh, 2020, India.
- 'Access to Justice and the COVID-19 pandemic', OECD and the Law & Justice Foundation of New South Wales, 2020.
- Pandit & Mitra (n 35).
- Joint Declaration on Access to Justice in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, Inter-American Commission of Human Rights & UNHCR, 2021, Report no. 015/21, available at http://www.oas.org/en/IACHR/jsForm/?File=/en/iachr/media_center/PReleases/2021/015.asp, accessed on 03 September 2021.
- Golder v. The United Kingdom, European Court of Human Rights, 1975, Application no. 4451/70.
- 'Access to Justice for all and the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations for Action', World Justice Project, 2020.
- 'The Family Court and COVID-19: The Road Ahead' UK Judiciary, October 2020, available at https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/The-Road-Ahead_FINAL.pdf, accessed on 15 March 2021.